The reason for not using potatos from the store, is they are not certified to be disease free. Otherwise they are no different to
seed potatoes. The certified ones are inspected. I've used both and fortunately never introduced any problems into my soil but this is a risk you take.
You'll find ones from in the cupboard will get small white shoots coming from the eyes. These are usually weak shoots which break off easily. Place them in an area of bright light for a week or so where they can green up a bit and this will encourage the shoots to strengthen. Then
plant into prepared soil rich in organic matter. Or sow under a bed of straw enriched with blood and bone, manures and compost.